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Press on the Oldest Steel in Europe and its use on the Stelae by the University of Freiburg

A study by an international and interdisciplinary team headed by Freiburg archaeologist Dr. Ralph Araque Gonzalez from the Faculty of Humanities has proven that steel tools were already in use in Europe around 2900 years ago. Using geochemical analyses, the researchers were able to prove that stone stelae on the Iberian peninsula that date back to the Final Bronze Age feature complex engravings that could only have been done using tempered steel. This was backed up by metallographic analyses of an iron chisel from the same period and region (Rocha do Vigio, Portugal, ca. 900 BCE) that showed the necessary carbon content to be proper steel.

https://kommunikation.uni-freiburg.de/pm-en/press-releases-2023/steel-was-already-used-in-europe-2900-years-ago?set_language=en

 

SELECTED ARTICLES

Science & Vie Junior (France)

Le nouvel âge d’or de l’acier

https://science-et-vie-junior.fr/article-magazine/le-nouvel-age-dor-de-lacier-80445.html

 


 

Archäologie Online (Alemanha)

Stahl bereits vor 2.900 Jahren in Europa in Gebrauch

https://www.archaeologie-online.de/nachrichten/stahl-bereits-vor-2-900-jahren-in-europa-in-gebrauch-5542/

 


 

Science et Avenir (France):

Bien avant les Romains, les anciens peuples ibères savaient déjà fabriquer l’acier il y a presque 3000 ans

https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/archeo-paleo/archeologie/bien-avant-les-romains-les-anciens-peuples-iberes-savaient-deja-fabriquer-l-acier-il-y-a-presque-3000-ans_170000


The Register (UK):

Find pushes back birth of Europe's steel hardware to about 3,000 years ago

Iberians were using heavy metal on hard rock way before it was cool

National Geographic (Indonesia):

Pengrajin Kuno di Iberia telah Menempa Baja Jauh Sebelum Romawi

https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/133723660/pengrajin-kuno-di-iberia-telah-menempa-baja-jauh-sebelum-romawi?page=all

 


 

Antike Welt (Alemanha):

Stahl bereits vor 2.900 Jahren in Europa in Gebrauch

https://antikewelt.de/2023/03/01/stahl-bereits-vor-2-900-jahren-in-europa-in-gebrauch/


Heritage Daily (UK):

Evidence of steel tools being used in Europe during Late Bronze Age

https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/02/evidence-of-steel-tools-being-used-in-europe-during-late-bronze-age/146314

Zenger News (US):

Steel Was In Use In Parts Of Europe 2,900 Years Ago During Bronze Age

https://www.zenger.news/2023/03/21/steel-was-in-use-in-parts-of-europe-2900-years-ago-during-bronze-age/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=steel-was-in-use-in-parts-of-europe-2900-years-ago-during-bronze-age

 


 

ZME science (UK)

Archaeologists stunned by 2,900-year-old steel tools in Portugal

https://www.zmescience.com/science/archaeology/archaeologists-stunned-by-2900-year-old-steel-tools-in-portugal/

 


 

Manufacturing business Technologies (UK/US):

Team Finds Proof of 2,900-Year-Old Steel Tools